What AI Can Actually Do — And What It Can’t

Artificial intelligence is changing finance, healthcare, education, and the future of work — but what is it actually doing under the hood?In this conversation, I sit down with Albert Berdellans, Global Head of AI at Invenium, for one of the clearest explanations I’ve heard of how large language models actually work, what AI can and cannot do, where the risks are overstated, and how it may reshape society in the years ahead.We discuss:• how large language models generate answers• why AI does not actually “think”• hallucinations, context rot, and why AI gets things wrong• whether AI will replace jobs• how AI is already changing finance• the future of healthcare and education• why fears of rogue AI may be overblownIf you’re trying to build a clear framework for understanding AI beyond the hype and fear, I think you’ll find this conversation to be invaluable.Subscribe to Exploring Prosperity for conversations on technology, economics, markets, and the forces shaping human progress.Thank you very much to our sponsors:Truflation: BUY Truflation products/services and save 10% using code BOBDEW10. Learn about what prices are actually doing by going to https://truflation.com/Foundation: Protect your Bitcoin using the latest off-line technology with easy-to-use Passport. Their next product, Passport Prime will protect all passwords off-line with even-better technology. https://foundation.xyz/River Financial: If not cold storage for your Bitcoin, I’d highly recommend River for buying and holding- River is engineered to protect your Bitcoin over the long run. Use this link for discounts: https://river.com/signup?r=T7GGAF7GTimestamps:00:00 Introduction — what AI actually is beyond the hype01:04 Albert’s background and how he entered AI04:55 Where AI impresses most — and where it doesn’t07:31 How AI is used in finance and large institutions12:11 Context rot and why too much information hurts AI14:05 How large language models actually work17:44 Hallucinations and false answers19:25 Can you trust AI outputs?22:31 Can AI reason and make predictions?27:21 Which jobs AI will change first31:13 How AI is transforming private markets and due diligence37:36 Tokenization, liquidity, and real estate40:49 How AI could improve healthcare and education47:12 AI in medicine, diagnosis, and surgery48:16 The future of education and personalized learning52:08 Will AI go rogue? The real risks55:15 Real-world examples of “rogue AI” explained59:23 Final thoughts This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit robertdewey3.substack.com/subscribe