#40: The End of History by Francis Fukuyama

For this episode we revisit Francis Fukuyama’s provocative 1989 essay “The End of History?”, alongside his more recent writings on liberalism and hegemony. Malek and Matt are joined by Amogh Sahu to trace the concept’s Cold War origins, as well as Fukuyama’s recent apologetics within today’s post-hegemonic or multipolar world order. What happened to the understanding of liberalism as a victorious competitor to both communism and fascism, and can we see today’s growing anti-universalism on both the left and right as a new challenger? READINGS:--The End of History? - Francis Fukuyama, 1989: https://archive.ph/20121210051126/http://www.wesjones.com/eoh.htm--Fukuyama v. Fukuyama - Nathan Pinkoski, 2023: https://firstthings.com/fukuyama-v-fukuyama/--Making the World Safe for Criminals - Francis Fukuyama, 2023: https://www.persuasion.community/p/making-the-world-safe-for-criminals--Reconfiguring Hegemony: Modes of Winning from Fukuyama to Trump - Zhang Yongle, 2025: https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii153/articles/yongle-zhang-reconfiguring-hegemony--It's the Internet, Stupid - Francis Fukuyama, 2025: https://www.persuasion.community/p/its-the-internet-stupid/commentsAmogh Sahu is a writer and researcher living in New York.Please note, this episode was recorded earlier this winter, prior to the current news cycle.