#329 AI, Sovereignty and the New Education Divide

AI, Sovereignty and the New Education Divide In this thought-provoking episode of The EdTech Podcast, Philippa Wraithmell speaks with Tom Orrell and Cameron Mirza about education, AI, global development and the growing divide between countries that can shape technological change — and those at risk of having it shaped for them. Tom, Deputy Director of Programs at Development Gateway, brings a background in human rights law, digital policy, sustainable development and humanitarian action. Cameron, Chief of Party for the Assas programme in Jordan, brings deep experience from the UK Department for Education and large-scale education reform across the Middle East. Together, they explore how their different professional routes have led to a shared focus on equity, ethics, implementation and meaningful system change. The conversation begins with the human story behind their work: family connections to teaching, personal motivations, and the values that have shaped their careers. Cameron reflects on how his mother's work as a primary school teacher continues to influence his commitment to early-grade education, while Tom shares how his own route through human rights, law and digital policy shaped his belief in critical thinking, rights and international cooperation. At the heart of the episode is the Assas programme in Jordan, which focuses on improving early-grade literacy and numeracy outcomes for young learners. Tom and Cameron discuss why foundational education matters not just for academic success, but for long-term life chances, economic development, health outcomes and social prosperity. The discussion then moves into the realities facing education systems globally. Cameron highlights the scale of the current learning crisis, teacher shortages, student debt, cost-of-living pressures and the increasing strain on public systems. Tom builds on this by exploring how AI and emerging technologies are accelerating change — but not always in a positive direction. AI, he argues, is not inherently good or bad; it is an acceleration force that can deepen harm or expand opportunity depending on the choices made around governance, policy and implementation. A key theme throughout the episode is sovereignty. Tom and Cameron unpack why AI sovereignty is no longer just about where data is stored. It is also about computing power, local infrastructure, culturally relevant datasets, language, regulation, national priorities and the ability of countries to make informed decisions about the tools they adopt. This raises difficult questions about global inequity, especially when most AI models are developed by a small number of countries and companies, while many lower-income nations lack the infrastructure or policy capacity to shape the direction of AI on their own terms. The episode also examines the danger of technology being treated as a quick fix for complex system problems. Cameron argues that the countries most likely to thrive in the next phase of innovation will not simply be those with the most money, but those able to build strong innovation governance systems — connecting government, regulators, universities, private sector partners, infrastructure, entrepreneurs and policymakers into trusted, coordinated systems. Tom and Cameron also discuss their work with sandboxes in Jordan, exploring how countries can safely test new technologies, understand trade-offs, and make choices that align with their own educational, cultural and national priorities. They emphasise that effective innovation is no longer just about technology; it is about coordination, trust, sequencing and the ability to cut through noise. The final part of the conversation turns to leadership. Cameron argues that leaders now need a systems mindset, ethical judgement, entrepreneurial thinking and the ability to operate in ambiguity while staying close to the realities on the ground. Tom reinforces the importance of emotional intelligence, empathy, communication and human connection in an age where technology is becoming increasingly dominant. This episode is a sharp, honest and deeply human conversation about the future of education. It challenges the hype around AI while recognising its potential, and asks what it will take to ensure that technological transformation strengthens education systems rather than widening the divide between them.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Backgrounds 04:13 Shared Vision and Collaboration 08:2