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by Rabbi Yosef Katzman
The daily Hayom Yom with Rabbi Yosef Katzman
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אַדְמוּ"ר הָאֶמְצָעִי אָמַר בְּשֵׁם רַבֵּנוּ הַזָּקֵןThe Mitteler Rebbe said in the name of the Alter Rebbe: אַהֲבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל בּעֶדאַרף דעֶרנעֶמעֶן בִּיז מִצּוּי הַנֶּפֶשׁ“Loving a fellow Jew ought to take hold of one’s soul to the last ounce.”Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
אַדְמוּ"ר הַצֶּמַח צֶדֶק בֵּאֵרThe Tzemach Tzedek once explainedמַה שֶׁמְּיַחֲסִים אֵשׁ לִפְנִימִיּוּת הַתּוֹרָהwhy pnimiyus haTorah (the Torah’s inner, mystical dimension) is likened to fire,לְפִי שֶׁהִיא הַנּוֹתֶנֶת חַיּוּת בְּגַלְיָא שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָהbecause it vitalizes one’s study of the revealed dimensions of the Torah. אַז עֶר לעֶרעֶנט אַ הֲלָכָה“When a person studies a halachah אוּן וֵוייס אַז דִי זעֶלבּעֶ הֲלָכָה וועֶט עֶר לעֶרנעֶן נאָךְ מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה אִין גַּן עֵדֶןand knows that after his 120 years in This World he will study that same halachah in Gan Eden, גִיט עֶס אַרַיין אַ פַייעֶרעֶלit lights up a little fire within him.”Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
נְסִיעוֹת הַבַּעַל שֵׁם טוֹב בִּתְחִלַּת הַהִתְגַּלּוּת שֶׁלּוֹ הָיוּ עַל דְּבַר שְׁלֹשָׁה עִנְיָנִיםIn the early years following his revelation, the Baal Shem Tov traveled [widely] for three reasons:פִּדְיוֹן שְׁבוּיִםto redeem captives, חִזּוּק הַתּוֹרָה וְיִרְאַת שָׁמַיִםto strengthen Torah observance and the fear of Heaven,הִתְגַּלּוּת פְּנִימִיוּת הַתּוֹרָהand to reveal pnimiyus haTorah — the Torah’s inner, mystical dimension.אַדְמוּ"ר הָאֶמְצָעִי הָיָה מְבַאֵר בָּזֶה[Regarding this last reason,] the Mitteler Rebbe explained: גַּלְיָא שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה נִקְרָא מַיִםNigleh, the revealed dimension of the Torah, is called water, אוּן צוּ וואַסעֶר גֵייט מעֶןand people are drawn to approach water. פְּנִימִיּוּת הַתּוֹרָה נִקְרָא אֵשׁPnimiyus haTorah is called “fire,” אוּן פאַר פַייעֶר האָט מעֶן מוֹרָאwhich arouses fear.דעֶרפאַר דאַרף דעֶר מַשְׁפִּיעַ גֵיין צוּם מְקַבֵּל אוּן זאָגעֶן אִיהְםTherefore, a person who is teaching the Torah’s inner, mystical dimension must approach the recipient and tell him:האָבּ קֵיין מוֹרָא נִיט וַוייל ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ אֵשׁ אוֹכְלָה הוּא“Do not be afraid, because ‘G‑d your L‑rd is a consuming fire.’”Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
אֵין אוֹמְרִים תַּחֲנוּןTachanun is omitted on this day.רוֹשֵׁם אַאַמוּ"רMy revered father, the Rebbe [Rashab] once wrote the following מַעֲלַת ט"ו בְּאָב עַל כָּל ט"ו בַּחֹדֶשׁabout the superiority of the Fifteenth of Av over the fifteenth of other months:שֶׁזֶּהוּ רַק הַשְּׁלֵמוּת בְּהַגִּלּוּיAlthough the fifteenth of any month represents the completeness [of the moon] in a revealed way, אֲבָל מִכָּל מָקוֹם הִיא רַק בְּחִינַת מְקַבֵּלthe moon in those months is still only a passive recipient [of light from the sun].אֲבָל בט"ו בְּאָב הָאוֹר בָּהּ בִּקְבִיעוּתOn the Fifteenth of Av, by contrast, its light is more lasting,לְפִי שֶׁהָעֲלִיָּה הִיא לְפִי עֶרֶךְ עוֹצֶם הַיְרִידָה דְּתִשְׁעָה בְּאָבfor its ascent [which is indicated by its waxing] is proportionate to the [preceding] drastic descent of Tishah BeAv[…].וְזֶהוּ תָּשַׁשׁ כֹּחָהּ שֶׁל חַמָּהThis is the meaning of [the Talmudic statement that from the Fifteenth of Av], “the sun’s power is weakened.” עוֹבְדֵי כוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת מוֹנִים לְחַמָּה בִּישָׁאThe “idolaters reckon time according to the sun,” [which in this context serves as a Kabbalistic allusion to the level of evil personified by the sun],וּבְט"ו תָּשַׁשׁ כוwhose power is weakened on the Fifteenth [of Av].בְּמִכָּל שֶׁכֵּן מִזְּמַן הַבַּיִת שֶׁהָיוּ נִכְנָעִים לִשְׁלֹמֹהIf this applied in the era of the Beis HaMikdash, when [the idolaters] were subservient to King Shlomo, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן לֶעָתִידhow much more certainly will it apply to the future generationוְנָהֲרוּ אֵלָיו, בִּבְחִינַת בִּטּוּל לְגַמְרֵיwhen “nations will stream” [to the Beis HaMikdash] in a state of utter self-effacement.וְאֶת רוּחַ הַטּוּמְאָה אַעֲבִיר כוFor concerning that era there is a Divine promise that “I will banish the spirit of impurity from the world.” וּמֵעֵין זֶה בט"ו בְּאָב תָּשַׁשׁ כוA foretaste of this occurs on the Fifteenth of Av, when the sun’s power is weakened.Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
בְּמִנְחָה אֵין אוֹמְרִים תַּחֲנוּןTachanun is omitted from the Minchah service.יד מְנַחֵם אָב תשׁ"אToday, 14 Menachem Av, 5701 (1941), נִמְלְאוּ חֲמִשִׁים שָׁנָהmarks fifty yearsמִיּוֹם שֶׁאָמַר לִי אַאַמוּ"ר שֶׁאַתְחִיל לִרְשׁוֹם הַסִּפּוּרִים שֶׁמְּסַפֵּר לִיsince my revered father, the Rebbe [Rashab], told me to begin writing down the traditions and anecdotes that he used to relay to me.כַּאֲשֶׁר הִתְחִיל הַצֶּמַח צֶדֶק לִכְתּוֹב בְּעִנְיָנֵי נִגְלָה וַחֲסִידוּתWhen the Tzemach Tzedek began writing on subjects in nigleh and Chassidus, אָמַר לוֹ אַדְמוּ"ר הַזָּקֵןthe Alter Rebbe told him: וְקָנֶה לְךָ חָבֵרKaneh lecha chaver – וּקָנֶה (קוּף בְּקָמַץ, נוּן בְּסֶגֹּל) — לְשׁוֹן קוּלְמוּס — לְךָ חָבֵר“Let a pen be your companion.”פַּעַם אָמַר אַאַמוּ"ר בְּשֵׁם אַדְמוּ"ר הַזָּקֵן[On another occasion, when] my revered father, the Rebbe [Rashab], quoted [the Alter Rebbe’s directive] to me,וְקָנֶה — לָשׁוֹן קוּלְמוּס — לְךָ חָבֵר, “Let a pen be your companion.”וּפִּרֵשׁ אַאַמוּ"ר קוּלְמוּס הַלֵּבhe added his own interpretation — that this directive related to “the quill of the heart.”אַז יעֶדעֶר זאַךְ וואָס מְ'לעֶרעֶנט זאָל מעֶן אִיבּעֶרלעֶבּעֶןThat is, [our hearts] must be alive and aroused by whatever we learn.Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
בְּשַׁעַת קְרִיאַת עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת עוֹמְדִים וּפְנֵיהֶם אֶל הַסֵּפֶר תּוֹרָהDuring the public reading of the Ten Commandments, the congregants stand and face the Torah scroll.וְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ גוIt is written: “You shall speak of them when you sit [in your home and when you walk on the road, when you lie down and when you rise].”וְאָמְרוּ רַזַ"ל: וְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּם, בְּדִבְרֵי תּוֹרָה הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּרOur Sages taught: “The command that ‘you shall speak of them’ refers to words of Torah.”אָמְנָם בְּעֵסֶק הַתּוֹרָה גּוּפָא יֵשׁ כַּמָּה חִלּוּקֵי מַדְרֵגוֹת[Every soul, in the course of its supernal prehistory and its mundane life story, passes through] several levels in its involvement in Torah study,וּמְבַאֵר כַּאן כָּל הַמַּדְרֵגוֹתand this verse alludes to them all:בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶךָ הוּא מַעֲמַד הַנְּשָׁמָה לְמַעְלָה בְּאוֹצַר הַנְּשָׁמוֹתWhen you sit in your home refers to the soul’s presence in the spiritual realm, in the abode of souls,קוֹדֶם יְרִידָתָהּ לְמַטָּה, וְעוֹסֶקֶת שָׁם בַּתּוֹרָהwhere it is involved in Torah study before it descends below;בְּלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶרֶךְ — קָאֵי עַל הַזְּמַן שֶׁהַנְּשָׁמָה יוֹרֶדֶת מֵעוֹלָם לְעוֹלָם וּמִמַּדְרֵגָה לְמַדְרֵגָהas you walk on the road alludes to the time of the soul’s descent from one spiritual world to the next, and from one level to another,עַד בּוֹאָהּ לְמַטָּה לָעוֹלָם הַתַּחְתּוֹן לְהִתְלַבֵּשׁ בְּגוּף גַּשְׁמִיuntil it reaches this lowly world and is enclothed in a physical body,וּמַתְחִיל לָלֶכֶת בְּדֶרֶךְ עוֹלָם זֶה עַד יְמֵי זִקְנָה וְשֵׂיבָהto then make its way through the world, until it reaches old age —עַד וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ בְּבוֹא יְמֵי פְּקוּדָּתוֹuntil the time when you lie down, the day when the soul is summoned [back to the higher world];וְגַם אָז הִנֵּה הַתּוֹרָה תִּשְׁמוֹר עָלָיוthen, too, the Torah protects him,כִּמְבוּאָר בְּשִׁשִׁי דְּאָבוֹתas stated in Avos, chapter 66 —עַד וּבְקוּמֶךָ כָּאָמוּר וַהֲקִיצוֹתָ גוand until the time when you rise, as it is written, “And when you awake [at the Resurrection of the Dead, it shall speak for you].”Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
דעֶר רֶבִּי — אַדְמוּ"ר הַזָּקֵןThe Alter Rebbe האָט געֶזאָגט פוּן מעֶזרִיטשׁעֶר מַגִיד פוּן בַּעַל שֵׁם טוֹב'ס וועֶגעֶןquoted the Maggid of Mezritch, who said in the name of the Baal Shem Tov:וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ[The command to] “love your fellowman as yourself” אִיז אַ פֵּירוּשׁ וּבֵיאוּר אוֹיף וְאָהַבְתָּ אֶת ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָis a commentary on [the command to] “love G‑d your L‑rd.”אַז מ'האָט האָלט אַ אִידעֶןWhen one loves a Jew,האָט מעֶן האָלט דעֶם אוֹיבּעֶרשְׁטעֶןhe loves G‑d,וַוייל אַ אִיד האָט דאָךְ אִין זִיךְ אַ חֵלֶק אֱלֹקַהּ מִמַּעַלfor within a Jew there is “a part of G‑d.” אִיז אַז מְ'האָט האָלט דעֶם אִידעֶןThus when one loves a Jew —דעֶם אִינוועֶנִיג פוּן אִיהְםmeaning, when one loves that nucleus within him —מִמֵּילָא האָט מעֶן האָלט דעֶם אוֹיבּעֶרשְׁטעֶןone loves G‑d.Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
רַבֵּנוּ הַזָּקֵן הָלַךְ לְמעֶזרִיטשׁ, בְּיַחַד עִם אָחִיו מַהֲרִי"ל, בִּשְׁנַת תקכ"דThe Alter Rebbe journeyed to Mezritch together with his brother Maharil, in 5524 (1764). מַהֲרִי"ל הָלַךְ בְּלִי רְשׁוּת בֵּיתוֹ וְלָכֵן חָזַר מִדַּרְכּוֹMaharil had set out without permission from his wife, and therefore returned in the midst of the journey.וְרַבֵּנוּ בָּא לְמעֶזְרִיטשׁ — וְשָׁהָה שָׁם, בַּפַּעַם הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, עַד אַחֲרֵי חַג הַפֶּסַח תּקכ"הThe Alter Rebbe arrived in Mezritch and remained there — on this first occasion — until after Pesach in 5525 (1765).שְׁבוּעַיִם הָיָה מְסוּפָּק אִם לְהִשָּׁאֵר שָׁםFor [the first] two weeks he had been undecided as to whether to stay or not.וְהַמַּאֲמָר הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁשָּׁמַע הָיָה נַחֲמוּ נַחֲמוּThe first maamar he heard [from the Maggid] was entitled Nachamu Nachamu. וְיֵשׁ בָּזֶה סָפֵק אִם הוּא הַמַּאֲמָר הָרִאשׁוֹן לְבוֹאוֹIt is not known whether this was the first maamar he heard after his arrival,אוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן לְאַחַר הַשְּׁבוּעַיִּם שֶׁהֶחְלִיט לְהִשָׁאֵר וְנִתְקַשֵׁרor the first he heard after two weeks that convinced him to stay and establish a connection [to the Maggid].Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
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