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by Rabbi Yosef Katzman
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רַבֵּנוּ הַזָּקֵן כּוֹתֵב בְּסִדּוּרוֹThe Alter Rebbe writes in his Siddur נָכוֹן לוֹמַר קוֹדֶם הַתְּפִלָּה הֲרֵינִי מְקַבֵּל עָלַי מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁל וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָthat it is appropriate to say before [the morning] prayers: “I hereby undertake to fulfill the commandment, ‘Love your fellowman as yourself.’ “זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶתThis impliesאֲשֶׁר מִצְוַת אַהֲבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל הִיא שַׁעַר הַכְּנִיסָהthat fulfilling the mitzvah of ahavas Yisrael is the gatewayאֲשֶׁר דֶּרֶךְ בּוֹ יָכוֹל הָאָדָם לָבוֹא לַעֲמוֹד לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹקֵנוּ לְהִתְפַּלֵּלthrough which a person is enabled to enter and stand before G‑d in prayer,בִּזְכוּתָהּ תְּקוּבָּל תְּפִלַּת הַמִּתְפַּלֵּלand in the merit of [this mitzvah] one’s prayers are accepted.Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ הָרְאוּיָה לִבְנֵי תּוֹרָהThe [extent of the] self-sacrifice appropriate for Torah scholars הוּא כִּדְרָשַׁת רַזַ"לis indicated by our Sages’ interpretation of the phrase, אָדָם כִּי יָמוּת בְּאֹהֶל“If a man dies in a tent.”לְהָמִית אֶת כָּל הַתַּעֲנוּגִים בְּעִנְיָנֵי עוֹלָםThe Sages taught that [if one seeks to dedicate himself to the tents of Torah,] he must kill [i.e., eradicate] the desire for all worldly pleasures.כִּי אֲפִילוּ דְּבָרִים קַלֵּי הָעֶרֶךְ בְּתַעֲנוּגֵי עוֹלָםFor even insignificant worldly pleasuresמוֹנְעִים הֵמָּה מִלִּהְיוֹת מָסוּר וְנָתוּן בְּאָהֳלָהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָהprevent one from being utterly devoted to the tents of Torah study.Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
הַעֲבָרַת הַפַּרְשָׁה שְׁנַיִם מִקְרָא וְאֶחָד תַּרְגּוּם - פָּסוּק פָּסוּקThe review of the weekly Torah reading — twice in the original, in the Holy Tongue, and once in its Aramaic translation — should be done verse by verse. וְקוֹרִין גַּם הַהַפְטָרָהThe haftarah should also be read [after this review].אוֹ שְׁתֵּי הַהַפְטָרוֹת אִם הוּא שַׁבָּת ראֹשׁ חֹדֶשׁIf there are two haftaros — such as on Shabbos Rosh Chodesh,אוֹ פַּרְשִׁיּוֹת מְחוּבָּרוֹת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָזֶהor when two parshiyos are combined, or the like — both should be read.מַעֲנֵה רַבֵּנוּ הַזָּקֵןAn answer that the Alter Rebbe gaveלְאַבְרֵךְ עִלּוּי מְצוּיָּן וּבַעַל כִּשָּׁרוֹן מְפוּרְסָםto a brilliant young man who was well known for his outstanding natural gifts,כְּשֶׁנִּכְנַס לִיחִידוּת שֶׁלּוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹנָה — בִּשְׁנַת תּקנ"ה בְּלִיאָזְנאָduring the latter’s first yechidus in 5555 (1795) in Liozna:רוּחָנִיּוּת וְגַשְׁמִיּוּת זַיינעֶן הֲפָכִים בְּעֶצֶם מַהוּתָם“Spirituality and physicality are intrinsically opposites.דאָס וואָס עֶס אִיז אַ מַעֲלָה אִין גַּשְׁמִיּוּת, אִיז אַ חִסָּרוֹן אִין רוּחָנִיּוּתA material virtue is a spiritual disadvantage.אִין גַּשְׁמִיּוּת אִיז אַ שָׂמֵחַ בְּחֶלְקוֹ דעֶר גרעֶסטעֶר בַּעַל מַעֲלָה“Materially, one who is ‘satisfied with his lot’ is the loftiest of men,אוּן דוּרךְ עֲבוֹדָה וועֶט אַזאַ אֵיינעֶר צוּקוּמעֶן צוּ דִי העֶכסטֶע מַדְרֵגוֹתand his Divine service will lead him to the highest rungs.אִין רוּחָנִיּוּת אָבּעֶר אִיז אַ שָׂמֵחַ בְּחֶלְקוֹ דעֶר גרעֶסטעֶר חִסָּרוֹןSpiritually, by contrast, being ‘satisfied with one’s lot’ is the greatest failing.אוּן עֶר וועֶרט, רַחֲמָנָא לִיצְלָן, אַ יוֹרֵד וְנוֹפֵלIt causes one to decline and fall [spiritually], Heaven forbid.”Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
עֲבוֹדַת הָאָדָם עַל פִּי תּוֹרַת הַחֲסִידוּתAccording to the teachings of Chassidus, Divine service entailsלְהַרְגִּיל אֶת עַצְמוֹ לִרְאוֹת עִנְיַן הַשְׁגָּחָה פְּרָטִיתtraining oneself to perceive G‑d’s hashgachah peratis — אֵיךְ כִּי בְטוּבוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ מְחַדֵּשׁ אֶת הָעוֹלָם וְהַנִּבְרָאִים בְּכָל רֶגַע בְּהַשְׁגָּחָתוֹ הַפְּרָטִיתhow, in His goodness, He continually renews the world and all its created beings with His particular providence,אֲשֶׁר זֶה אַךְ זֶה הוּא מְצִיאוּת הַנִּבְרָאִים חַיּוּתָם וְקִיּוּמָםand how this alone constitutes the continued life and existence of all created beings.Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
הַצֶּמַח צֶדֶק בְּסַפְּרוֹ לִבְנוֹ אַאַזְמוּ"ר מְאוֹרָע מֵחַיָּיוAfter the Tzemach Tzedek told his son, my revered grandfather, the Rebbe [Maharash], about an incident that once happened to him,סִיֵּיםhe concluded:מִיט דעֶם וואָס מעֶן העֶלפט אַ אִידעֶן אִין פַּרְנָסָה, “When one helps a Jew make a living,אֲפִילוּ פאַרדִינעֶן זִיבּעֶצִיג קאָפִּיקעֶס (מַטְבֵּעַ קְטַנָּה בְּרוּסְיָא) אִין אַ קעֶלבּעֶלeven to earn a mere seventy kopkes when he’s selling a calf,אִיז אַלעֶ שַׁעֲרֵי הֵיכָלוֹת הָעֶלְיוֹנִים זַיינעֶן פאַר אִיהם אָפעֶןthe gates of all of the heavenly palaces are open for him.”כַּעֲבוֹר כַּמָּה שָׁנִים סִפֵּר אַאַזְמוּ"ר כָּל הַנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל לְאַאַמוּ"רSeveral years later, my revered grandfather, the Rebbe [Maharash], told this whole story to my revered father, the Rebbe [Rashab],וְהוֹסִיףand added:מ'בּאַדאַרף אֲפִילוּ וִויסעֶן דִי וועֶג צוּ דִי הֵיכָלוֹת הָעֶלְיוֹנִים“Though ideally one should know the path to the heavenly palaces,נאָר דאָס מאַכט נִיט אוֹיסthis is not crucial.עֶס דאַרף זַיין דעֶר עִקָּרWhat is of fundamental importanceהעֶלפעֶן בְּלֵבָב שָׁלֵם מִיט אַ געֶפִילis to help another person wholeheartedly and with warmth —האָבּעֶן אַ געֶשׁמאַק אִין אַ אִידעֶן טאָן אַ טוֹבָהto take pleasure in doing a fellow Jew a favor.”Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
כְּתִיב וּבֵרַכֲךָ ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂהIt is written: “G‑d, your L‑rd, will bless you in all that you do.”הָאָדָם עָלָיו רַק לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּלִי לְפַרְנָסָתוֹA person only needs to make a vessel for his livelihood, וּלְהִשְׁתַּדֵּל בְּכָל כֹּחוֹ אֲשֶׁר הַכְּלִי יִהְיֶה טָהוֹר מִכָּל סִיג וּפְסוֹלֶת דְּאוֹנָאָה כוand should make every effort that it be pure of any trace of deception, etc.,הַיְינוּ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הַכֹּל עַל פִּי דִּינֵי הַתּוֹרָהso that in every respect it accords with the laws of the Torah.אֲשֶׁר אָז הוּא כְּלִי רָאוּי לַבְּרָכָה הָעֶלְיוֹנָה בִּשְׁנַיִםIt will then be a fit receptor for sublime blessings in two ways:פַּרְנָסָה בְּרֶיוַחhis livelihood will be ample,וַאֲשֶׁר הַפַּרְנָסָה תֵּלֵךְ לַמָּקוֹם הָרָאוּיand it will be directed toward the proper place.Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
וְיָרְדוּ חַיִּים שְׁאוֹלָה[With regard to the company of Korach, it is written:] “They will go down alive to the grave.”שֶׁגַּם בִּשְׁאוֹל חוֹשְׁבִים שֶׁהֵם חַיִּיםThat is, even when in the grave they would think that they were alive.הַבְּרָכָה בְּ–וְיָרְדוּ חַיִּים שְׁאוֹלָהThere is a blessing in “going down alive to the grave.”כְּמוֹ בְּנֵי קֹרַח לֹא מֵתוּAs [our Sages explain on the similar statement that] “the sons of Korach did not die,” מָקוֹם נִתְבַּצֵּר לָהֶם וְעָשׂוּ תְּשׁוּבָה“a place was fortified for them [in Gehinnom]” and they repented, כִּי תְּשׁוּבָה מוֹעֶלֶת רַק כָּל עוֹד שֶׁהוּא חַיbecause repentance is effective only as long as one is alive. [Similarly, regarding those who descended alive into the grave:]וְזוֹהִי הַבְּרָכָהThe blessing wasשֶׁגַּם בִּשְׁאוֹל יִהְיוּ חַיִּים וְיּוּכְלוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָהthat even in the grave, they would be alive and able to repent.Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
דְּאָגָה בְלֶב אִישׁ יַשְׁחֶנָּהIt is written: “If there is worry in a man’s heart, he should minimize it (yashchenah).” וְאָמְרוּ רַזַ"ל שְׁנֵי פֵּרוּשִׁיםOur Sages interpret this in two ways: יַסִּיחֶנָּה מִדַּעְתּוֹ(a) he should take his mind off it (yasichenah, spelled with the letter samech), יְשִׂיחֶנָּה לַאֲחֵרִיםor (b) he should relate it to others (yesichenah, spelled with the letter sin). וּפֵרֵשׁ הַצֶּמַח צֶדֶקOn this the Tzemach Tzedek commentedלַאֲחֵרִים רַק בְּגוּףthat “others” refers to people who are only physically separate from the speaker,אֲבָל מְאוּחָדִים אִתּוֹ עִמּוֹbut are united with him in spirit,שֶׁמַרְגִּישִׁים אֶת עִנְיָנוֹsensitive to his concerns.Text and Translation courtesy of Sichos in EnglishFor questions and follow-up: cablejew@gmail.com
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