Popes 2C - John

Portrait fresco of John XXII, 14th century (Collection of the Palais du Roure, Avignon)   Here is the big one...the notes this time are nearly entirely from Magisterium AI.   John I 523–526 John II 533–535 John III 561–574 John IV 640–642 John V 685–686 John VI 701–705 John VII 705–707 John VIII 872–882 John IX 898–900 John X 914–928 John XI 931–935 John XII 955–964 John XIII 965–972 John XIV 983–984 John XV 985–996 Antipope John XVI997–998 John XVII 1003 John XVIII 1004–1009 John XIX 1024–1032 John XXI 1276–1277 John XXII 1316–1334 Antipope John XXIII 1410–1415 John XXIII 1958–1963   Here is the chronological sequence of the legitimate popes named John, with the notable antipopes inserted where they belong. “Given name” means the name recorded at birth; medieval records are sometimes incomplete, and the reasons for a papal name are often unknown. The numbering is not perfectly continuous because John XVI and John XXIII were also used by antipopes. John I (523–526) — Born John. Sent by Theodoric to Constantinople to negotiate for the Ostrogoths; imprisoned on his return and died in captivity. Venerated as a martyr. 1 John II (533–535) — Born Mercurius; the first pope known to have changed his name. He likely avoided a name associated with the Roman god Mercury. John III (561–574) — Born Catelinus. His long pontificate coincided with the Lombard invasion of Italy; political turmoil left few records of his work. 2 John IV (640–642) — Born John. Condemned Monothelitism at a Roman synod and used Church funds to ransom captives taken in Dalmatia and Istria. John V (685–686) — Born John in Syria; his brief pontificate was largely uneventful. John VI (701–705) — Born John, probably in Greece. Protected the English bishop Wilfrid when he appealed to Rome against his deposition. John VII (705–707) — Born John in Calabria. His dealings with the Byzantine emperor over the Trullan Council’s canons were notably cautious. John VIII (872–882) — Born John. A forceful pope in the politics of the Carolingian empire and the Photian controversy; he was assassinated, the first papal murder reliably documented. John IX (898–900) — Born John. Rejected the Cadaver Synod and reaffirmed the validity of ordinations performed by Pope Formosus. John X (914–928) — Born John. Helped organize the coalition that defeated Muslim forces at the Garigliano; later imprisoned and suffocated amid Roman political struggles. John XI (931–935) — Born John. His mother, Marozia, and later his half-brother Alberic II dominated Roman affairs; John himself was largely confined to the Lateran. John XII (955–964) — Born Octavian. He adopted the papal name John, but the reason is not securely known; he crowned Otto I emperor and