Evolving an Alien Civilization on a World Without Trees

Could an advanced civilization evolve on a planet where trees and wood never existed? In this speculative astrobiology episode, Dr. Dakotah Tyler constructs a rocky super-Earth with stronger gravity, widespread volcanic activity, and immense crystal formations that function ecologically like forests. A six-limbed aquatic species gradually moves onto land and evolves the dexterity, spatial reasoning, memory, and problem-solving abilities needed to survive inside this dangerous three-dimensiona...